A dental X-ray (radiograph) is a medical imaging technique used to capture images of teeth, jawbones, and surrounding tissues. These images provide dentists with detailed information about the condition of teeth and surrounding tissues.

1. Tooth Decay: They can be used to detect tooth decay and evaluate the extent of the decay.
2. Condition of Tooth Roots: The structure, size, and relationship of tooth roots with surrounding tissues are examined. This is necessary for procedures like tooth extraction or root canal treatment.
3. Gum Diseases: They can be used in the diagnosis and treatment planning of periodontal (gum) diseases.
4. Position of Teeth and Jaw Structure: The size, position of teeth, jawbone structure, and other oral structures are examined.
5. Dental Trauma: They assess traumatic conditions such as
   fractures, cracks, or loss of teeth.

Dental X-rays help dentists make accurate diagnoses, plan treatments, and monitor dental health. This allows for a comprehensive evaluation of the health and condition of teeth and jaw structures.